Coating composition



Patented Dec. 26, 1939 COATING oomrosrrron Roy E. Coleman, Meriden, Conn, assignor to The Zein Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application August 9, 1937, SBI'iELNO. 158,215

2 Claims.

This invention relates to liquid coating compositions and more particularly to substantially non-aqueous stable'liquid coating compositions made from zein or other prolamins. The inven- 5 tion set'forth herein embodies themethods described and claimed in my copending applications Serial Nos. 158,209, 158,210, 158,211, 158,212, 158,213, and 158,214, filed of even date herewith, although not limited to such methods.

In the following description of my invention I will refer to thepreparation of substantially non-aqueous stable solutions of zein derived from corn, but it is of course to be understood that my invention is also applicable to the prepara tion of coating compositions made from other prolamins such as, for example, gliadin from wheat, hordein from barley, kafirin from kafir and'the prolamins from other cereal grains. The above-mentioned prolamins are at present derived by extraction with an aqueous alcohol solution in which the added water varies generally from about 15 to about 40% of the solvent mixture.

The material used in accordance with my invention is the dried extract which may be completely dry or the commercial product which contains a small percentageof moisture.

The prior art discloses coating compositions containing zein wherein the zein is dissolved in an organic solvent; however, the prior art coating compositions contain substantial quantities of water and, according to the prior art, zein is not soluble in the organic solvents alone and requires added water to effect solution. In the understanding of the prior art, for example, as

" stated in the Walsh et a1. Patent No. 1,966,604,

the addition of water is necessary since the low,- molecular alcohols, alcohol ethers and alcohol derivatives are not efiective alone in making solutions of zein. The amount of added water used I in accordance .with the prior-art to effect solu- 5 larly below to 70 F. In the fewinstances in the prior art where reference is made to solutions of zein in an organic solvent and no mention is made of the use of added water, solutions produced in accordance with these disclosures are not stable, and separate on cooling;

particularly at temperatures below F. In all of the prior art solutions of zein, there is a very definite and decided tendency to gel on standing. In accordance with my present invention, I have found that stable liquid coating composi- 5 tions can be formed from zein by theaid of anhydrous or substantially anhydrous solvents or solvent mixtures, or by solvents or solvent mixtures containing but small amounts of added water. The liquid coating compositions embody- 1 ing my invention are either anhydrous or substantially non-aqueous, as desired. In the instances where water is present in my coating compositions, the coating compositions are, for

allpractical purposes, substantially non-aqueous 16 since they preferably contain 5% or less of water and, in most instancesless than 5%. The coating compositions embodying my invention are stable, insofar as separation is concerned, at temperatures of 70 F. and below and in many in- 20 stances at temperatures of 40 F. and somewhat below. Moreover, these stable coating compositions have a decidedly less tendency to thicken and gel than the heretofore known coating compositions made from zein. 25

The coating compositions embodying my invention may be made in any desirable manner; however, I prefer to follow the methods set forth in my above-mentioned copending applications filed on even date herewith. Thus, suitable coat- 3o ing compositions-may be made by following the method set forth in my above-mentioned copending application, SerfNo. 158,209, wherein controlled proportions of aqueous alcohol are combined with the zein to effect solutions; or by the 35 aid of auxiliary solvents as in my copending application, Serial No. 158,210; or by the aid of direct solvents such as the glycols, the alcohol ethers, and the alcohol derivatives as set forth in my copending applications, Serial Nos. 158,211, 40 158,212 and 158,213; or by the aid of mixed solvents, and following the lacquer technique as in my copending application, Serial No. 158,214. Referencemay be had to each of these cases for the details of the methods therein set forth. 45

The following detailed descriptions are offered as illustrative examples of coating compositions embodying my invention as well 'as the methods of preparing the same; however, my invention is not to be construed as limited thereto since other 5 suitable compositions in other suitable proportions are intended to be included within the scope of my claims. In the examples, the term parts indicates parts by Weight. Also in the examples, when I refer to anhydrous denatured alcohol, I 55 2 f l arenas;

moan ethyl alcohol containing about 7 to or ethyl acetate as a denaturant.

Example 1 10 parts of zein are mixed with parts of 95% alcohol in a suitable vessel and on stirring for about 2 to 3 minutes at temperatures of 75 to 85 F. a clear; straw-colored, stable solution is formed which does not separate on standing 1.

even on being cooled down to temperatures of 70 F. and somewhat below.

Example 2 10 parts of zein are mixed with parts of 95% alcohol and stirred for about 2 minutes. A clear, stable solutionis formed which has substantially all ofvthe characteristics of, the solution obtained in accordance with Example 1.

Example 3 "10 parts of zein are mixed with parts of 95% alcohol and on stirring for about 3 minutes a clear, stable solution is formed. In some in-* stances, solutions obtained in accordance with the teachings of this example gelledon standing.

Example 4 10 o ts or zein are mixed with parts, of a solvent mixture consisting of 90% of 95% ethyl alcohol and 10% of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. On stirring and with the application of a slight heat in the order of to F. a clear stable solution of the zein in 95% alcohol is obtained in about 5 minutes.

Example 5 10 parts of zein are placed in a ,vessel and to this 44 parts of 95% alcohol and 6 parts of dioxan are added. The mixture is stirred and on the application of heat in the order of 75 to F. a clear stable solution or the zein is produced in about 5 to 10 minutes. I

Example 6 10 parts or zein are mixed with 40parts ora solvent mixture containing 84% of alcohol and 16% of diethylene glycol. The mixture is stirred and .on the application or heat in the order of 85 to 95 F. for about 5 minutesaclear stable solution of the zein is formed.v

' Example 7 I 10 parts of zein are mixed with 40 parts of a.v

solvent mixture containing 89% of 95% alcohol I and 11% of dichlorethyl ether. The mixture is itirred for about 5 to 10 minutes and on the application of heat in the order of 'l5'to 85 F.

t stable solution of the zein is formed. Ezcample 8 10 parts 01 zein'are placed in a vessel and to his 40 parts oi 95% alcohol'and 10 parts of lnseed fatty acids are added. The mixture is tirred and upon the application of heatin the Mar 01', 90 to F. a stable, slightly cloudy olution or zein is produced in about '15 minutes.

" Eaample 9 'diethylene 'glycol is obtained in about 5 10 minutes. w i

' Example 10 10 parts of zein are mixed with 30 parts of, 4 propylene-glycol. On stirring the mixturefatf' room temperature the zein mixes readily with. the ethylene glycolbut forms no translucent, semi-plastic mass and does not dissolve. On'

heating to about 160 to 190 F. aperiectly clear. m

bright, stable solution is obtained in about 8 to 15 minutes. v

Example 11 10 orts ,of zein are mixed'with '40 parts of plication of heat in the order of 140 to 150 F.,

a clear, stable solution 'ofthe-zein in the solvent is obtained in about 6 to 12 minutes;

Example 12 i 10 parts of zein aremixed with 40 parts of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in a suitable vessel. On stirring the mixture at room temperature (about 73 F.) for about 3 to 4 minutes,v

semi-plastic mass.' on continued stirringior about 1, to 6 minutes, a clear, bright, strawcolored, stable solution of the zein in the ether 7 is obtained. a s

10 partsof zein are mixed with 30 parts of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. ring the mixture at room temperature, itis found that the zein mixes readily .with the alcoholether and forms a cloudy mixture containing considerable agglomerated particles but solution of' the zein is not readily eifected. On the application of heat in the order of about 150 F. and

triethylene glycol. Onstir-ring and with the. ap-Q l6 the zeinis converted intoa viscous, translucent, 25

Exam le is Tao with continued stirring, a clear,stable solution 1 of the zein in the alcohol-ether Ispbtaiiiedindd about 8 'to 15 minutes. g I W Example 14 J 10 parts of zein are mixed with 30 parts 01' ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. jOn' stirring 45 the mixture for about 5 to 7 minutes at room temperature, the zein is converted into a viscous, translucent mass. On continued stirring 'for about 2 to 8 minutes and with the application or a slight heat in the order of 80 F., a clear, bright, 50

stable solution is obtained.

Eaample 15 10 parts of zein are mixed with 40 parts of diethyleneglycol monomethyl ether. The mix- Mv W turemixes well at room temperature but does not quickly dissolve. 'Onstirring for about 5 minutes and with the application of heat in the order of 90-95" F. the zein begins to go into solution. on continued stirring for about 3 to 7 minutes-and with theifurther application of heat in theorder of 10U- to F. a clear, bright stable solution 1 oi. the zein is produced. I I Example 16 10 parts or zein are mixed with 40 parts ;o

ethylene glycol monoethyl'ether. The mixture mixes well at room temperature .but-does not dlssolve. t On stirring for about 5 minutesand with the application of heat in the order of 95 to d 100 F. the zein begins to go into solution. On

continued stirring for. about 5 to 1 0 minutesandml with the further application of heat in the order or the zein is produced. H

or no to F. a clear bright-stable solution a 1 10 diacetone alcohol in a suitable vessel. ing and with the application of heat in the order Example 17 y parts of zein are mixed with 40 parts of On standof 120 to 130 F., the zein becomes plastic and "separates from the solvent.

At these temperatures the zein does not appear to dissolve in the solvent; On continued stirring and with the application of heat in the order of 160 F., the zein forms a gelatinous mass. Onfurther stirring and on the application of heat in the order of 190 to 200 F. a colloidal solution'is formed which is slightly cloudy. This colloidal solution is formed in about 10 to 15 minutes. and standing, the solution becomes quite viscous, but turns clear and remains stable.

Example 18 10 parts of zein are mixed with 30 parts of diacetone alcohol. On stirring and with the application of heat in the order of 130 to 135 F., the zein becomes plastic and separates from the solvent as in Example 17. On continued stirring and with the application of heat in the order of 170 F., the zein forms a gelatinous mass. further stirring and on the application of heat in the order of 210 to 225 F. a colloidal solution is formed which has a slightly milky cloudiness.

This colloidal solution is formedvin about 12 to 20 minutes. On cooling and standing, the solution becomes quite viscous andturns clear and.

remains stable.

Example 19 10 parts of zein are mixed with 10 parts of a solvent mixture containing 50 of benzyl alcohol ,and 50% of furfuryl alcohol. On stirring and j with the application of heat in the order of 190 to 200 F., a stable solution of the zein in the solvent mixture is obtained in about 10 to 15 minutes.

Example 20 10 parts of zein are mixed with 20 parts of a solvent mixture containing of benzyl alcohol and 50% of 95% alcohol. 0n stirring and with the application of heat in the order of 108 to 112 F. a stable solution of the zein in the solvent I mixture isobtained in about 5 to 8 minutes.

and 50% of anhydrous denatured alcohol.

1 Example 21 10 parts of zein are mixed with 20 parts of a solvent mixture containing 50% of benzyl alcohol On stirring and with the application of heat in the order of about 90 to 110 F., a stable solution of the zein in the solvent mixture is obtained in about 5 to 8 minutes.

Example 22 10 parts of zein are mixed with 30 parts of a solvent mixture containing 66.7% of 95% alcohol and 33.3% of acetone. On stirring and with the application of heat in theorder of about to F., a stable solution is obtained in about 5 minutes.

Example 23 I 10 parts of zein are mixed with 30 parts of a solvent mixture containing Bil of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and 56%% of ethylene dichloride. On stirring and with the application of heat in the order'of about 108 to 112 F., a stable solution is obtained in about 8 to '12 minutes. i

glycol and 14.3% of ethyl acetate.

On cooling glycol monobutyl ether.

Example 24 10 parts of zein are. mixed with 30 parts of a solvent mixture containing 50% of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and 50% of anhydrous denatured alcohol. On stirring and with the application of heat in the order of 80 to 85 F., a

stable solution is obtainedin about 3 to 5 minutes. v

Example 25 10 parts of zein are mixed. with 35 parts of a solvent mixture containing 85.7% of diethylene and with the application of heat in the order of 170 to 180 F., a stable solution is obtained in about 5 to 10 minutes.

Example 26 10 parts of zein are mixed with 35 parts of a solvent mixture containing 22.2% of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether and 77.8% of cyclohexanol. On stirring and with the application of heat in the order of about 165 to 170 F., a stable solution is obtained in about 8 to 12 minutes.

Example 27 10 parts of zein are mixed with 40 parts of a solvent mixture containing 87.5% of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and 12.5% of ethylene On stirring and with the application of heat in the order of about to F., a stable solution is obtained in about 5 minutes. 1

- Example. 28

10 parts of zein are mixed with 40 parts of a solvent mixture containing 75% ,of ethyl lactate and 25% of tri-cresyl phosphate. On stirring and with the application of heat in the order of about 140 to' 150 F., a stable solution is obtained in about 10 to 15 minutes.

' Example 29 10 parts of zein are mixed with. 40 parts of a solvent mixture containing 50% of 95% alcohol,

25% of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and 25% of tri-cresyl phosphate. On stirring and with the application of heat in the order of about 120 to 125 F., a stable solution is obtained in about 5 to 10 minutes.

Example 30 I Example 31 10 parts of zein are mixed with 45 parts of a On stirring v solvent mixture containing 55.5% ofethylene glycol monomethyl, ether and 45.5% of acetone. On stirring and with the application of heat in the order of about 110 to 120 F., a stable solution is obtained in about 5 to 10 minutes.

Example 32 10 parts of zein are mixed with 45 parts of a solvent mixture obtaining 77.8% of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and 22.2% of amyl alcohol. heat in the order of about to F., a stable solution is obtained in about 3 to 5 minutes.

On stirring and with the application of V I 15 minutes.

4- I v arouse Example .33

10 or zein aremixed with '50 parts of a solvent mixture'containing 40% of 95% alcohol a 10 parts of zein are mixed with 55 parts of a solvent mixture containing 36.4% of 95% alcohol and 63.6% of dioxan. On stirring and with the application of heat in the orderoi about 80 to 90F a stable solution is obtained in about 3 to Example 35 parts of zein are mixed with 56 parts oi a solvent mixture containing 53.6% of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 35.7 of ethyl methyl ke- 0 tone and 10.7% of diethyl phthalate. On stirring and with the application of heat in the order of about 80 to 85' E, a stable solution is obtained in about 5 to IO'mlnutes.

u Example 36 10 parts of zein are mixed with 60 parts oi solvent mixture containing 16%% of benzyl alcohol and 83 of anhydrous denatured alcohol. On stirring and with the application of heat in the 80 order of about 100 to 110 F., a stable solution is obtained in about 5 to 10 minutes.

I Example 37 10 parts of zein are mixed with 80 parts of a a solvent mixture containing 50% oi diacetone alecho] and 50% of 95% alcohol. In practice, the zeinv is mixed with thediacetone alcohol and heated to about 190 to 200 F., for about 8 to 12 minutes to'efiect solution. The solution is then 0 cooled to about 130 to 140 F., and the 95% alco-v hol is then added. Thesolution formed is stable. I Example 38 10 parts of zein are mixed with 125 partsoi a solvent mixture containing 40% of cyclohexanol, 40% of95% alcohol, 10% of toluol, and 10% oi linseed fatty acids. In practice, the zein is heated in the cyclohexanolto about 190 to 200 'F., to

efiect solution. The solution is then cooled to about 130 F., and the other ingredients are added. The solution formed is stable.

Example 39 10 parts of zein are mixed with 200 parts 01' a 5 solvent mixture containing 40% of propylene glycol and 60% of 95 alcohol. In practice, the zein is heatedin the propylene glycol to about 165 to 170 F., to effect solution. The solution is then cooled to about 130 F. and the 95% alcohol 66 is then added. The solution formed is stable.

In Examples 4 to 8, I employ methods oi pre-- like; ethylene dichloride, tetrachlorethylene anddi-chlorethylether; theethanolamines such as 1| monoand tri-ethanolamines; the liquid fatty acids such as oleic and linseed: the esters such as dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate. dibutyl phthalate, trl-cresyl phosphate and the like; and I high boiling ketone-alcohols such as diacetone alcohol and the like. j

The quantity of auxiliary solvent employed in carrying out my invention may vary from about 2 to about 25% of the alcohol and even up to 45% and higher.

been found sufilcient to eiTect the desired stable 1 coating composition made from solutions of zein in alcohol. Ingeneral, the concentration of zein in the coating composition varies from about 1,

part by weight of zein to'over 3 and'about4 or 15 more. parts by weight of the alcohol or.alcohol-' and auxiliary solvent, but the proportions may be variedwidely in accordance with the properties desired in the product. The coating compositions may be formed'in about 3 to minutes, audit 2 heat is required to effect solution of the,zein, temperatures in the order of 7.0 to 140 F. are generally suilicient. I

' In Examples 9, 10 and 11, I illustrate metho of preparing my coating compositions by the aid of direct glycol solvents; in Examples 12 to 161 illustrate methods for preparing my coating compositions with the aid of direct alcohol ether solvents; and in Examples 17 and 18 I illustrate"v methods for preparing my coatingcomposition's by the aid of direct ketone-alcohol solvents. It

is of course obvious that otherv known glycols,

alcohol-ethers and ketone-alcohols may be substituted for those mentioned in Examples 9 to 18 v inclusive, as may also benzyl alcohol, cyclohexa: nol, furfuryl alcohol and the like or any mixture" of these direct solvents. In general, a stable solution of the zein in these direct glycols, alcoholethersand ketone-alcohol solvents-may be obtained in about 5 to 25 minutes and inmost in- 40 stances satisfactory st'able coating compositions have been obtained in about 5 to 15 min'utes f with the utilization of heat in the order of about 80 to 300 F. and in one instance, as low as 73' F. i

The quantity of these directsolvents necessary to eifect solution of the zein to prepare my coat ing compositions may vary from about 1 to 20 or more and preferably from 2 to 9 or more parts by weight of the'solvent to 1 part by weight of -'the zein. In' most instances 2 to 5- parts bygo weight of the solvent to 1 part by weight of the zein has been found suiiicient -.to eflect the desired formation of the stable solutions of the zein in these direct solvents. It is, of course, obvious that'the consistency of the coating compositions obtained by practicing the methods set forth in Examples 9 to 18inclusive is dependent upon the quantity of solvent used. In Examples 19 to 39 inclusive I illustrate methods for preparing my coating compositions go by the aid of mixed solvents, Oi these solvents, at least one should be ,in and of itself a direct solvent for zein or have the capacity of initiating solubility of the zein. The other solvent or solvents in the solvent mixture maybe direct solg5 vents for zein, or non-solvents for zein that are compatible with the solvent mixture, or mixtures of these solvents.

Oi the direct orinitiating solvents used in accordance'with the methods set forthin Examples 19 to 39 inclusive mention may be made of the low-molecular weight alcohols such as, for example, aqueous ethanol and preferably the lowmolecular weight alcohols containing 5% or less 0! water such as, for example, 95% 'or 96% aloe-'- I In most instances 10 to 15% of'the I auxiliary solvent in respect of the alcohol has 10 hol; the glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, tri-ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and the like; the glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether-and the like;

, the hydroxy acids and esters such as lactic acids,

wise be used as well as any mixture of the direct ethyl lactate and the like; and the high-boiling ketone-alcohols such as, for example, diacetone alcohol. Benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, furfuryl alcohol and other closed chain alcohols may likeor initiating solvents. The glycols, glycol ethers and ketone-alcohols as well as the other direct solvents mentioned above may, if desired, contain some added water, preferably not over 5%; however, I prefer to use the substantially nonaqueous direct solvents.

Of the non-solvents or those in general incapable of effecting solubility of zein as mentioned in Examples 19 to 31 inclusive, mention may be made of the common lacquer solvents or lacquer plasticizers and the like such as, for example, dioxan; the ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, di-isobutyl ketone and the like; the esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, glycol diacetate, the esters of the glycol ethers and the like; the butyl alcohol others such as ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and the like; the alcohols such as butanol, isobutanol, amyl alcohol, octyl alcohol and the like; the hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexene and the like; chlorinated compounds such as ethylene dichloride, monochloro benzene, crtho-dichlorobenzene, dichlor'oethyl ether and the like; furane derivatives such Suitable coating compositions can be obtained by the use of mixed solvents as mentioned above,-

either with or without the application of heat.

In the instances where heat is necessary, satisfactory results have been obtained with temperatures varying from about 80 to 200F. and in some instances higher. A stable solution of the zein in the mixture of solvents is obtained generally in about 3 to 30 minutes and in most instances satisfactory solutions have been obtained in about 5 to 15 minutes with the utilization of 'heat in the order of about 80 to 135 F.

The quantity of mixed solvents necessary to effect solution of the zein may vary from about 1 to 20 or more and preferably 2 to 9 or more parts by weight of the mixed solvent or solvent mixture to'l part by weight of the zein. In most instances 2 to 5 parts by weight of the solvent mixture to 1 part by weight of the zein has been found sufficient to effect the desired formation of the stable solutions of the zein in the mixed solvents; however, the most practical working solutions have been obtained with the aid of 3 or 4 parts by weight of the solvent mixture to 1 part by weight of the zein.

The relative quantities of directsolvents and non-solvents in the solvent mixtures may vary widely. I have obtained satisfactory results with a solvent mixture wherein the direct solvent or mixture of direct solvents varies from about 15 to 60%and up to 100% and the non-solvent 'heating temperatures.

varies from about zero to about 85%." In general, I have obtained satisfactory results with solvent mixtures wherein the major portion thereof is a direct solvent and the minor portion a non-sol i vent and'vice versa. The relative quantities of direct solvent and non-solvent employed in a without, or with slight stirring and these solutions returned to their normal form at the reembodying my invention are characterized by the face that they do not separate at the temperatures stated, have a decidedly less tendency to thicken and gel than solutions containing added water, as in the prior art, and in that they contain no added water or only a very slight percentage of water and are, therefore, substantially non-aqueous. Preferably, my coating compositions contain from zero to 5% of added water and slight increases in the water content are not precluded. The coating'compositions in general appearto be clear to the naked eye and do not possess pronounced turbidity;

The coating compositions embodying my invention have the unusual property of being able.

to give up their solvent or solvents readily when applied to any surface and they readily form tough, flexible, non-tacky, hard and generally transparent films. The films are very strong and have unusual adhesive properties. They are not inflammable to the extent of such substances as nitrocellulose, pyroxylin and the like. The films are oil resistant and provide anexcellent printing surface for any type of ink. With the aid of these coating compositions, the film forming properties thereof can be built up to produce a film of greater toughness, flexibility, hardness and gloss than is capable of being formed from coating compositions containing added water as in the prior art.

The coating compositions The coating compositions may be applied to The characteristics of the coating compositions and hence of the ultimate films can be altered at will and as desired by the inclusion in the coating composition of diluents, modifiers or plasticizers, pigments, fillers and the like.

The diluents used in accordance with my invention may be, for example, ethanol, denatured alcohol, dioxan, or any of the conventional lac-,

vents employed in the coating compositions. The modifiers or plasticizers used in accord- "ance with my invention may be, for example,

conventional compatible lacquer plasticizers such as tri-cresyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, and the like; animal or vegetable oils, waxes, fats, sulphonated oils and fats andthe sulphonated fatty alcohols having 8 or more carbon atoms in, the chain; natural and artificial resins; sugars of the mono-, diand poly-saccharid groups; phenolic substances such as phenols, naphthols, anthracene, naphthalene and the like; preservatives such as benzoic acid and its esters, terpenes and related compounds. I

min during the purification thereof, or some other suitable inert, fibrous, powdery material such as cork, mica, sawdust, chalk, magnes ite, clay, bentonite or equivalent colloidal clays, charcoal dust and the like. Any suitable color may be imparted to the coating compositions as by av pigment or dye such as, for example, titanium oxide, satin-white, zinc oxide, methyl violet, and

the like. 4 In the claims when I use the expression suba The choice and quantity of diluents, modifiers, plasticizers; and preservatives used in accordance 9,185,124 'quer diluents which are compatible with the solstantially non-aqueous" I refer coatingcompositions made from zein or the other prolamins wherein the added water, it any, is 5%,01' less and wherein the concentration oi. the zein in the solvent or solvents varies from about 1 part by weight or the "zein to about 1 to 20 or more and preferably 2'to 9 or more parts by weight oithesolvent or solvents. When I use the expression "stable" I mean coating compositions which do not separate on standing or even when cooled to temperatures of 50 to '70 F. and in some instances lower, and have a decidedly less tendency to thicken and gel than. solutions containing added water, as in the prior art, and have substantially no pronounced turbidity;

Iclalmz I j 1. A substantially. non-aqueous liquid coating composition comprising a substantially nonaqueous solution of zein in95% alcohol wherein the concentration of mix: in alcohol varies from about 1 part by weight of zein to 2 to 3 parts by weight of the alcohol, said composition containing not in excess of about 5% of added water and being stable against separation 61- the zein at temperatures of 70 F.

1 2; A substantially non-aqueous liquid coating composition comprising a substantially nonaqueous solution of zein in ethyl alcohol where;- in the concentration of zein in alcohol varies from about 1 part by weight of zein to about 2 parts by weight of the alcohol, said composition containing not in excess of about 5% of added water and being stable against separation of the zein' at temperatures of 70" F. t

, is" ROY E; COLEMAN. 

